Keys to Effective Human Resource Management Essay

Keys to Effective Human Resource Management - Essay Example 48). These may take the form of formal training programs, informal orienting activities by peers or supervisors or a combination of both. Organizational-level orientation intends for employees to feel welcomed and that they are now part of the organization; learn more about the organizational mission and vision, culture, language, history and structure. Employees come to better understand the basic workplace principles and policies (Klein, 2000). From the very beginning, HRM sees to it that the organization’s workers’ values are aligned to the company’s. Differing values create conflict and will impede goal achievement. According to Mishra and Morrissey (1990), the following factors propagate trust: open communication; giving workers a greater share in decision making; sharing of critical information and true sharing of perceptions and feelings. In every employment, employees consciously or unconsciously expect a kind of â€Å"psychological contract† apart from the expectations the job usually presents – benefits and compensation for a particular job description. This psychological contract usually includes open and honest communication, managerial support and challenging and interesting work. Employees are becoming increasingly aware of the non-monetary rewards that companies can provide them. It is generally important that the job not only fulfills their economical needs, but their socio-emotional needs as well. â€Å"This implies that the HRM needs to go beyond a discussion of compensation and benefits and highlight aspects of their organization that job candidates will find intrinsically satisfying.† (Lester, Clair & Kickul, 2001, n.p.) From the... This paper stresses that successful organizations know how to manage their human resources to achieve competitive advantage. In the case of alternative employment strategies, several companies are adopting it not only to save on finances but moreso to provide better working conditions for their employees. At Renault, workers are offered to choose these alternatives with the condition of working from home two to four times a week and reporting to the office one day a week. Teleworkers and hotdeskers are entitled to the same company benefits as other employees such as training and career development and access to workplace representatives and elections. The company also covers for the cost of necessary equipment and its installation such as a laptop computer a high speed internet connection and an ergonomically designed chair which should only be used for work purposes. This paper makes a conclusion that HR managers should keep in mind that careful and efficient management of their organisations and people is central in the well-being of their employees as well as their contribution to the company and the maintenance of harmony among all members of the organisation. They should know how to uplift the morale of their people, thereby making them perform better in their jobs and instill loyalty to the organization. It is truly a huge responsibility for leaders, and the fulfillment of their several goals and tasks for the organization may determine the success or failure of a whole establishment.

Family and Abbey Essay Example for Free

Family and Abbey Essay Blonde hair, blue eyes and a sad look. This was the face of an innocent little girl named Abbey. Abbey was only 10 years old and she lived at home with her mother and father. She had no one to play with and her only friend was a little toy bear, it was old and falling apart and it had patches of hair. Abbey was an only child and was just about to start year 5 at Howard Pubic School. The poor little girl wasn’t so much bullied at school, but she was always left out. She was too young to understand why it was happening to her and why the children were always being mean to her. I guess you could say, most 10 year olds love going home at the end of the day to see their family but not Abbey. Abbey’s father had a beer in his hand as per usual and her mum had bloodshot eyes as always. The only time she was allowed out of her room was to go to school, other than that her parents always kept her locked in an attic because they had no time for the poor little girl and they never cared about her. Every afternoon she would come home from school and sit in her room talking to her toy bear when no one was around. She used to lie on the floor and not make a sound. She hides in a corner while she hears her parents come up and unlock the door. Some more and more pain Abbey has to go through for no reason at all. There are scars on her face and bruises on her legs. Out of everyone, why is she is such a horrible place? The poor little girl cries herself to sleep every night because all she wants to do is to fit in with everyone and have a family that loves her dearly but she thinks to herself why she is not belonging. She holds her toy bear close and sobs. Meanwhile in her room, she sits in the corner quiet but yet thinking â€Å"God why? Why did my life turn out like this?† Everyday is a struggle for the little five year old and she prays before she goes to bed â€Å"Dear Jesus, I know that my mummy or daddy do not care about me but please promise me you’ll take good care of them. I also pray that tomorrow I will make friends because it is hard for me to go to school and not play with anyone. No one wants to be friends with me and I don’t know why. Thank you and I love you†. One night before school, her mum came home high. The mother and father were having an argument and the police were called. The poor little girl was slapped, beaten and hit as hours went by. When the police showed up, they took Abbey to a foster home to be looked after. When she leaves, Abbey suddenly runs back inside and grabs her teddy, as that is the only thing she took with her. The mother and father said goodbye to the little girl as the police took her away. Abbey is now in a safer environment with carers that she loves. She has put everything past her and started a new life. She will always remember what happened when she was young but now all she can think of is how happy she is.

New Generation of a Mobile Primary Frequency Standard

New Generation of a Mobile Primary Frequency Standard New generation of a mobile primary frequency standard based on cold atoms S T Mà ¼ller 1, J de Martin Jà ºnior 1, R D Pechoneri 1, P Santa Catharina1, V S Bagnato2 and D V Magalhà £es1 Abstract. We have constructed a mobile primary frequency standard using intra-cavity cold cesium atoms and the first results shown the advantages of using this kind of system compared to cesium beam standards. Based on an expanding cloud of atoms, it has no stringent size limitations and one can imagine the possibility of a clock even more compact. In order to assemble a new system even smaller, we are developing a system containing lasers, microwave source and cavity in a single box. The mobile atomic standard based on cold atoms is an important contribution to a primary standard of high relevance, and a possible strategic product with a broad range of applications. Introduction With exceptional accuracy, atomic clocks have applications in several fields of modern fundamental physics [1]. They allow not only to investigate the macroscopic scales theories like relativity or gravitation, but also to know better the microscopic world, in atomic scale, thanks to quantum mechanics. Two of the main applications are navigation and telecommunication systems, and atomic references are the heart of the most advanced navigation system, satellite constellations positioning like GPS, GLONASS, and Beidou [2]. Most of the high performance time standards require an extremely complex construction and operation, but the size of these systems makes them incompatible with some applications, which require a compromise between size and performance. These include space and industrial applications, such as telecommunication lines, mobile telephone networks or internet, calibration of instruments, dissemination of local time references with good quality, etc. The Atomic Time and frequency Standard Program under development at USP Sà £o Carlos [3] has two main atomic frequency standards being developed, an atomic fountain [4] and a system based in a cold atomic cloud in free expansion [5]. Besides those experimental standards, our facility has commercial atomic clocks and a hydrogen maser. The theoretical and experimental knowledge acquired with these standards are now employed in the development of a mobile atomic frequency standard, which should maintain the same level of stability and accuracy of the experimental setups. To ensure the mobility of the system, new diode laser sources, microwave synthesizer, vacuum and control systems are being redesigned. Experimental setup and temporal sequence The aim of this project is the construction of a cold atoms compact frequency standard that works in an innovative way, since the steps of the sequence occur in the same place, within a microwave cavity. For the physical package we use a cylindrical cavity, sculpted in a stainless steel vacuum chamber and resonant in 9.2 GHz. This operation mode allows us to design a much more compact system than a conventional cold atoms clock, where the various interactions are in different parts of the instrument. Therefore, the compactness of the clock is achieved through a sequence purely temporal. The most relevant steps can be seen in Figure 1. The temporal sequence of the compact frequency standard can be divided in four well defined steps (see figure 1), as follows: (Step 1)Trapping atoms in a magneto optical trap (MOT) In this stage is possible to capture 108 atoms using magnetic field and three counter-propagating pairs of laser beams (MOT) [6]. This is important to catch up the atoms together in the same spatial region, forming a cold cloud, and to remove a huge portion of the cloud’s kinetic energy. In this step the atomic cloud attains very low temperatures and becomes more stable. The cycling transition is used, and repumping is done using the transition. (Step 2)Sub-Doppler Cooling and the Preparation After the first reduction of the kinetic energy, the system passes from MOT configuration to optical molasses by switching off the current supply of the magnetic field. Simultaneously, the atomic cloud is cooled even more, changing the intensity and detuning of the laser beams with acousto-optical modulators, reaching levels below 10 ÃŽ ¼K. In order to prepare the atoms in their ground electronic state , the repumping light is switched off 5 ms before shutting off the cooling light. During this interval, optical pumping efficiently transfers the atoms to the required ground state. (Step 3) The clock transition interrogation Now, the cold atoms are in a single initial state and after the total shutdown of the lasers beams, the cloud starts a free expansion. During the expansion the atoms are interrogated in a Ramsey sequence [7], consisting of two coherent microwave pulses with 1ms of duration and separated by 8ms. These pulses excite the clock transition between the two hyperfine levels . (Step 4) The Detection To detect the atoms that have transitioned to the level after the two microwave pulses, the light beams originally used as a cooling laser are turned back on for 40 ms, and the fluorescence signal is collected. Once the resonance is observed, it can be used as a frequency discriminator. The transition probability difference of two successive measurement acts as an error signal used to control the local oscillator frequency. Results Figure 2 presents a typical scan of the microwave frequency across the clock resonance in our device [5]. Using the Ramsey fringe of Figure 2, we can scan around the central fringe to determine the linewidth with a theoretical fitting (Figure 3), obtaining a value of 47 Hz. The contrast is better than 80% (where the contrast is defined as a difference between resonance amplitude and background). To measure the frequency stability of the system is necessary to lock the central resonance observed on figure 3 to the microwave chain (macroscopic oscillator). The microwave chain on the other hand is phase locked to the 5 MHz output of the Hydrogen Maser. The modulation of the frequency is controlled by a computer, which also register the introduced correction to keep the interrogation signal at its maximum. The stability observed is , as presented in Figure 4, demonstrating that this compact cold atom frequency standard can reach performances better than commercial beam clocks, which typically have short time stabilities on the range of 10-11 10-12. The advantage of cold atoms in such compact system can be easily observed if compared with commercial thermal Cs beam clocks. The long term stability already surpasses the currently used commercial standards and the clock transition linewidth is on the order of 50 Hz for our system, meanwhile the same resolution can be achieved only with a thermal system that has some meters in the interrogation region (26 Hz for a 4 m long interrogation region [8]). [GMD1] Reducing the system volume We actually envisage a more compact system, mounting the apparatus in a single block. This should be done keeping all the necessary processes to produce a frequency standard signal. 4.1. The macroscopic oscillator A fundamental piece of the atomic standard, it corresponds to the signal that generates the time reference. The feedback from the atoms interrogated with its signal closes the loop for the atomic frequency reference. It should be as small as possible, but still taking into account some parameters as temperature deviations [9, 10]. To achieve reliable performance, we will use PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control and peltier elements as actuators. 4.2. Lasers Diode The use of laser diodes is fundamental in the system. They should keep a very low effective linewidth, in order to not degrade the SNR of the clock transition. In the limit of high resolution spectroscopy, the laser noise can add a significant parcel to the overall budget of noise contributions. 4.3. General Control of the System Careful control of all the steps of the clockwork (trap, sub-doppler cooling, interrogation and detection) is mandatory. In each cycle the microwave source is corrected, and the steps consist of well synchronized events, such as laser light frequency shifts, pulsing of the microwave signal, triggered signal detection and processing of the atomic fluorescence [11]. Conclusions We have developed a compact system to be used as a mobile reference for frequency signals. We managed to cool 108 atoms at 10 ÃŽ ¼K in a microwave cavity and after the Ramsey interrogation the detection by fluorescence is applied. The core idea is the use of cold atoms as a high performance and reliable clock source. We have been working in the reduction of volume to make an embeddable prototype, in order to maintain the high quality characteristics necessary for the operation of such device. References Jespersen J and Fitz-Randolph J 1999 From sundials to atomic clocks (Mineola: Dover Publications) Ramsey N F 2002 Application of atomic clocks in: Laser physics at the limits, ed Figger H. et al (Berlin: Springer) p 3 Ahmed M, Magalhà £es D V, Bebeachibuli A, Mà ¼ller S T, Alves R F, Ortega T A, Weiner J and Bagnato V S 2008 The brazilian time and frequency atomic standards program An Acad Bras Cienc 80, 2 Magalhà £es D V 2004 Construà §Ãƒ £o de uma fountain atà ´mica para utilizaà §Ãƒ £o como padrà £o primà ¡rio de tempo Doctorade thesis Mà ¼ller S T, Magalhà £es D V, Alves R F and Bagnato V S 2011 Compact Frequency Standard based on an Intracavity Sample of Cold Cesium AtomsJ. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28 11 p 2592 Metcalf H and Van Der Straten P 2003 Laser cooling and trapping of atoms J.Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 p 887 Vanier J, Audoin C 1989 The quantum physics of atomic frequency standards v2 (Adam Hilger) Glaze D J, Hellwig H, Allan D W and S. Jarvis 1977 NBS-4 and NBS-6: The NBS primary frequency standards Metrologia 13 p 17-28 L. E. Schnurr 1967 The transient thermal characteristics of quartz resonators and their relation to temperature-frequency curve distortion 21st Annual Symposium on Frequency Control (1967) Ji Wang, Yook-Kong Yong and Tsutomu Imai 1998 High-order plate theory based finite element analysis of the frequency-temperature relations of quartz crystal oscillators Frequency Control Symposium Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International (1998) J. Levine 1999 Introduction to time and frequency metrology Review of scientific instruments 70, 6 [GMD1]

A Feared Ruler? :: essays research papers

Machiavelli was a man who was not worried about what was morally correct, but rather, what was politically deserved. He was in fact an honest and religious man, but he has become known for trickery and double-dealing. He thought that princes would have to start tricking his enemies, or even his people for the good of his state. In my opinion, his theory, â€Å"It is better to be feared than loved† is saying that when the people fear their ruler, the ruler will most likely get what he wants. When a ruler has control and intimidation over his people, they will most likely do what he says and follow his rules, out of fear. Some people might argue and say that if a ruler is loved than people will respect him and follow his rules. This is true, except, it is harder to get people to love and respect their ruler so much as to do everything they are told, than it is to get them to fear their ruler. Out of the three monarchs: Louis of France, Henry of England, and Ferdinand of Spain, I think Louis definitely exhibited Machiavelli’s theory the best. Louis depended on trickery, intimidation and bribery to get what he wanted. These three characteristics are exactly what Machiavelli believes in. Louis wanted to weaken the powers on the great lords in France so that he had all the power. Any noble that resisted Louis’s rule was bribed or threatened until the noble agreed with Louis. Once there was a cardinal who disobeyed Louis. He was locked in a small cage for 11 years. He couldn’t even stand up or sit down. The people under Louis’ rule were very scared of him that they were willing to put up anything to impress and agree with him. Louis was aiming for people to fear him though. I think he felt that it would in fact be easier to get people to fear him rather than respect him.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

Now a days, fast food is becoming a cheap and yet a popular way for people who are too busy to cook. But the cheap price of the fast food is nothing in comparison to the true price that these people are paying. Every 4 out of 10 adults in the USA will become obese in the next 5 years if they keep eating this food the way they are. Eating fast food like this is causing major health risks. Since this food is so cheap, it makes it convenient for people to go out and get food instead of staying home to cook. In addition, fast food companies are trying to target kids. If the companies get to the kids at a young age, they will get hooked on the food. Because of all this, people need to stop eating fast food before it gets out of hand. This fast food world has spread tremendously around the globe, and obesity has shortly followed. In addition to this it has also brought heart disease, arthritis, diabetes and many other types of illnesses. Fast food isn’t only making people fatter, but its also increasing people’s chances of obtaining type two diabetes. People’s muscles and fat cells that have type two diabetes lose the ability to take in a sugar called glucose from their blood. The glucose builds up and reaches very high levels and because of this they get damage to the eyes, neuropath (loss of feeling), kidney disease and heart disease. Most of the people who have type two diabetes are obese or overweight. A long-term study between the link of fast food, obesity and diabetes were tested. It compared the people who would eat fast food at least twice a week to the people who ate it less than once a week. The results showed that the people who are more fast food gained about 10 pounds more then the people who are it less than once a week over a fifteen-year period. Eating fast food can cause many diseases such as Hypertension, Heart Disease, Cancer, Gall Bladder Disease and E. coli, which is one of the worst forms of food poisoning. E. Coli is spread through undercooked burgers and it is very difficult to cure. 4 % of the people who have this poison develop hemolytic uremic syndrome and close to 5 % of the kids who develop this die. E. Coli is now becoming the major reason for renal failure for American kids. People would rather spend their money on a cheap burger that tastes good compared to a burger that tastes just as good for six times the price. The great thing about fast food is that over these many years their products taste hasn’t changed. â€Å"The whole experience of buying fast food, has become so routine, so thoroughly unexceptional and mundane, that it is now taken for granted, like brushing your teeth or stopping for a red light.† Says Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation. Millions of people a day are buying fast food because it’s so convenient to get to. Today’s economy is also dropping and because of this going out to buy fast food has become easier to feed people’s families. Instead of a family going out to a restaurant to feed the family for 60 dollars, they can go to a fast food restaurant and spend about one third of that. These fast food restaurants are making a lot of money off this cheap food With the money they make, they spend some of it for advertising to grab people’s attention Since most kids watch TV they are the ones that are affected most by this McDonald’s spends billions of dollars on advertising each year. Most of the kids know Ronald McDonald more than they do their own president. Just about 30% of all children each day eat fast food according to a Harvard study. This is part of the reason why America is the fattest country in the world. According to Alan Green, on average, kids who eat fast food gain an extra 6 pounds in weight each year. â€Å" The numbers, though alarming, are not surprising since billions of dollars are spend each year on fast-food advertising directed at kids, â€Å" said lead author Dr. David Ludwig, director of the obesity program at children’s Hospital Boston. Borzekowski says that most people prefer the branded fries compared to unbranded fries and the same results were found about branded chicken nuggets and non-branded chicken nuggets. â€Å" Its no surprise that branding works,† says Borzekowski. In another test done by Borzekowski, they took two burgers from McDonalds and put one in a non branded wrapper, Borzekowski had the kids try both and astonishingly most kids tasted a difference in the two burgers. The majority of the preferred the McDonalds wrapped burger. McDonalds also finds ways of getting to the kids, because in Seminole County, the kids are rewarded with Happy Meals if the have a nearly perfect attendance or it they do well on their report cards. In fact, Stuart Elliot of the New York Times says that the Florida schools are â€Å"using children’s report cards to help stimulate sales { at McDonalds }.† Kids can get a number of Happy meal choices such as four chicken McNuggets, a Hamburger and small fries or a cheeseburger with apple dippers. These kids are being rewarded with fast food, which is part of the reason that they are becoming obese.

The Walking Dead and the Bridegroom to the Goddess

The Walking Dead and the Bridegroom to the Goddess The Irish literature is characterized by discussing a lot of social and psychological issues and depicting many mythical images. The Irish writers’ approach to presenting the common theme can be extremely different with references to using irony and satire or mild and pessimistic tone.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Walking Dead† and the â€Å"Bridegroom to the Goddess† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The play The Playboy of the Western World by John Millington Synge and the poem â€Å"The Tollund Man† by Seamus Heaney have few similar features, but the authors discuss the theme of death, accentuating the violent death, in their works. Although Synge and Heaney use rather opposite approaches to presenting the controversial theme of death in their works where Synge concentrates on satire to depict the social and psychological issues and Heaney pays attention to the spiritual con text of the question, the authors provide their vision of the violent death from the social perspective and with references to the persons’ inner world. In his play The Playboy of the Western World, Synge emphasizes the fact of murdering as the starting point to develop the play’s plot. Thus, the idea of murder is used to represent the problems and conflicts typical for the Irish society of the 1900s along with accentuating the personal attitude to the question as the reflection of the society’s sickness. Christy Mahon, the main character of the play, is inclined to attract the public’s attention in the tavern with stating that he has murdered his father. Thus, Mahon depicts his action saying, â€Å"I just riz the loy and let fall the edge of it on the ridge of his skull, and he went down at my feet like an empty sack, and never let a grunt or groan from him at all† (Synge 113). The unemotional language used by the author to present the characterâ €™s experience in order to emphasize the irony Mahon and the audience’s interpretation of his actions. Synge stresses the satiric inappropriateness of interpreting Mahon’s actions as heroic with the help of remarks. For instance, Michael reacts to Mahon’s words about murdering with great respect and states, â€Å"That was a hanging crime, mister honey. You should have had good reason for doing the like of that†, and Mahon answers in a reasonable tone, â€Å"He was a dirty man, God forgive him, and he getting old and crusty, the way I couldn’t put up with him at all† (Synge 106-107). From this point, the fact of murdering a person makes Mahon be a hero in this small community of a tavern. The reasons to explain the phenomenon can be found with references to analyzing the figures of the listeners. The community of County Mayo needs sensations to discuss, and the personality of Mahon and his action become the most interesting themes for tal king about.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the fact of the violent death is presented in Synge’s play as a chance to make the monotonous life more diverse and vivid. The author exaggerates the public’s indifference to the moral and ethical aspects of murdering a person and provides the satirical descriptions of people’s interpreting the problems of death and murder (Levitas; Regan). The villagers are inclined to discuss the person of Mahon as the hero and â€Å"the walking Playboy of the Western World† (Synge 190). The public changes its vision of Mahon only in some time, but the progress of their considerations on Mahon’s actions is significant. However, the general representation of the topic of death in the play is characterized by depicting some satirical stories. Thus, Mahon is afraid of â€Å"the walking dead†, and Pegeen tells the frightening story about the dead man putting â€Å"in a narrow grave† (Synge 85, 185). In spite of the people’s rather indifferent attitude to the fact of murder, they are inclined to feel fear associated with the theme of death. Although the theme of death is also vividly discussed in Heaney’s poem â€Å"The Tollund Man†, the author’s approach to presenting the topic differs much from Synge’s accentuating the satire of tragic moments in his play. Heaney represents the concept of death from many perspectives in his poem, emphasizing the religious, spiritual, and mythical aspects along with stressing the social problems associated with the theme of the violent death. In the first stanza, the author depicts his sacred devotion to the Tollund Man who could become the victim of the goddess, â€Å"Bridegroom to the goddess, / She tightened her torc on him / And opened her fen, / Those dark juices working / Him to a saintà ¢â‚¬â„¢s kept body† (Heaney 12-16). The death of the Tollund Man is violent, but it is sacred as well as the author’s interpretation of the man’s death as the act connected with the problem of spirituality. Thus, the character discusses the Tollund Man as a kind of idol. Moreover, the character states, â€Å"I could risk blasphemy, / Consecrate the cauldron bog / Our holy ground and pray / Him to make germinate† (Heaney 21-24). The fact of worshipping the deity should not be discussed with references to the character’s, but it can be analyzed with accentuating his attitude to the death as the sacred act. The author provides the analogies and parallels in relation to the violent death of the Tollund Man and the problematic social situations in Ireland and Denmark. The symbols of death are presented in the author’s pessimistic descriptions, â€Å"The scattered, ambushed / Flesh of labourers, / Stockinged corpses / Laid out in the farmyardsâ₠¬  (Heaney 25-28).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Walking Dead† and the â€Å"Bridegroom to the Goddess† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The death is presented not only as the sacred notion but also as the real situation which is familiar for many unfortunate people who are the victims of the social orders and conflicts. The large social context provided by the author makes the problem actual for many people. The death of the Tollund man as the part of a sacrifice accentuates the unjust character of many deaths of those people who became the victims of â€Å"sad freedom† (Heaney 33). The character stresses that having explored the Tollund man with providing the analogies he feels lost â€Å"unhappy and at home† (Heaney 44). Therefore, the theme of death is presented through the significant religious and social context. To conclude, it is important to pay attention to the fact that although John Millington Synge and Seamus Heaney discuss the topic of the violent death in their works, the authors’ approaches to presenting and explaining the aspects of the problem are different. Synge is inclined to accentuate the people’s attitude to the question with the help of irony and satirical interpretations, and Heaney’s tone is rather pessimistic. Synge refers to the understatement of the role of death in the person’s life, especially the violent death. Heaney is inclined to exaggerating the problem of the violent death and its victims with the help of stressing the religious symbolism. Heaney, Seamus. â€Å"The Tollund Man†. Opened Ground: Selected Poems, 1966-1996. Ed. Seamus Heaney. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. 124-125. Print. Levitas, Ben. â€Å"The Playboy of the Western World†. Modern and Contemporary Irish Drama. Ed. John Harrington. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 468-472. Print. Regan, Stephen. Ir ish Writing: An Anthology of Irish Literature in English 1789-1939. London: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Synge, John Millington. â€Å"Playboy of the Western World†. Modern and Contemporary Irish Drama. Ed. John Harrington. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2009. 68-112. Print.

Compare and contrast My last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover By Robert Browning.

Compare and contrast My last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover By Robert Browning. Title: - Compare and contrast "My last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover" By Robert Browning.Robert Browning was born on May7, 1812, in Camberwell, England. His mother was an accomplished pianist and a devout evangelical Christian. His father, who worked as a bank clerk, was also an artist, scholar, antiquarian, and collector of books and pictures. His rare book collection of more than 6,000 volumes included works in Greek, Hebrew, Latin, French, Italian, and Spanish. Much of Browning's education came from his well-read father. It is believed that he was already proficient at reading and writing by the age of five. A bright and anxious student, Browning learned Latin, Greek, and French by the time he was fourteen. From fourteen to sixteen he was educated at home, attended to by various tutors in music, drawing, dancing, and horsemanship. At the age of twelve he wrote a volume of Byronic verse entitled Incondita, which his parents attempted, unsuccessfully, to have published.Tomb of Eli zabeth Barrett Browning on the Cimitero...In 1825, a cousin gave Browning a collection of Shelley's poetry; Browning was so taken with the book that he asked for the rest of Shelley's works for his thirteenth birthday, and declared himself a vegetarian and an atheist in emulation of the poet. Despite this early passion, he apparently wrote no poems between the ages of thirteen and twenty. In 1828, Browning enrolled at the University of London, but he soon left, anxious to read and learn at his own pace. The random nature of his education later surfaced in his writing, leading to criticism of his poems' obscurities.In 1833, Browning anonymously published his first major published work, Pauline, and in 1840 he published Sordello, which was widely regarded as a failure. He also tried his hand at drama, but his plays, including Strafford, which ran for five nights...

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping On the evening of March 1, 1932, famous aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife put their 20-month-old baby, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., to bed in his upstairs nursery. However, when Charlie’s nurse went to check on him at 10 pm, he was gone; someone had kidnapped him. News of the kidnapping shocked the world. While the Lindberghs were dealing with ransom notes that promised the safe return of their son, a truck driver stumbled upon the decomposing remains of little Charlie on May 12, 1932, in a shallow grave less than five miles from where he had been taken. Now looking for a murderer, the police, FBI, and other government agencies stepped up their manhunt. After two years, they caught Bruno Richard Hauptmann, who was convicted of first-degree murder and executed. Charles Lindbergh, American Hero Young, good looking, and shy, Charles Lindbergh made Americans proud when he was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927. His accomplishment, as well as his demeanor, endeared him to the public and he soon became one of the most popular people in the world. The dashing and popular young aviator didn’t stay single long. On a tour of Latin America in December 1927, Lindbergh met heiress Anne Morrow in Mexico, where her father was the U.S. ambassador. During their courtship, Lindbergh taught Morrow to fly and she eventually became Lindbergh’s co-pilot, helping him survey transatlantic air routes. The young couple married on May 27, 1929; Morrow was 23 and Lindbergh was 27. Their first child, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., was born on June 22, 1930. His birth was publicized around the globe; the press called him â€Å"the Eaglet,† a nickname stemming from Lindbergh’s own moniker, â€Å"the Lone Eagle.† The Lindbergh’s New House The famous couple, now with a famous son, tried to escape the limelight by building a 20-room house in a secluded spot in the Sourland Mountains of central New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell. While the estate was being built, the Lindberghs stayed with Morrow’s family in Englewood, New Jersey, but when the house was nearing completion, they’d often stay the weekends at their new home.  Thus, it was an anomaly that the Lindberghs were still at their new home on Tuesday, March 1, 1932. Little Charlie had come down with a cold and so the Lindberghs had decided to stay rather than travel back to Englewood. Staying with the Lindberghs that night were a housekeeping couple and the baby’s nurse, Betty Gow. Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr, son of the American aviator, on his first birthday. A few months later he was kidnapped from his home and murdered. (Photo by BIPS/Getty Images) Events of the Kidnapping Little Charlie still had a cold when he went to bed that night on March 1, 1932 in his nursery on the second floor. Around 8 pm, his nurse went to check on him and all seemed well. Then around 10 pm, nurse Gow checked in on him again and he was gone. She rushed to tell the Lindberghs. After making a quick search of the house and not finding little Charlie, Lindbergh called the police. There were muddy footprints on the floor and the window to the nursery was wide open. Fearing the worst, Lindbergh grabbed his rifle and went out into the woods to look for his son. The police arrived and thoroughly searched the grounds. They found a homemade ladder believed to have been used to kidnap Charlie due to scrape marks on the outside of the house near the second-floor window. Also found was a ransom note on the nursery’s windowsill demanding $50,000 in return for the baby. The note warned Lindbergh there would be trouble if he involved the police. The note had misspellings and the dollar sign was placed after the ransom amount. Some of the misspellings, such as â€Å"the child is in gute care,† led the police to suspect a recent immigrant was involved in the kidnapping. A postcard from the kidnapper.The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr, the eldest son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was one of the most highly publicized crimes of the 20th century. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images The Liaison On March 9, 1932, a 72-year-old retired teacher from the Bronx named Dr. John Condon called the Lindberghs and claimed that he had written a letter to the Bronx Home News offering to act as an intermediary between Lindbergh and the kidnapper(s). According to Condon, the day after his letter was published, the kidnapper contacted him. Desperate to get his son back, Lindbergh allowed Condon to be his liaison and kept the police at bay. On April 2, 1932, Dr. Condon delivered the ransom money of gold certificates (serial numbers recorded by the police) to a man at St. Raymonds Cemetery, while Lindbergh waited in a nearby car. The man (known as Cemetery John) did not give the baby to Condon, but instead gave Condon a note revealing the babys location – on a boat called the Nelly, between Horseneck beach and Gay Head near Elizabeth Island. However, after a thorough search of the area, no boat was found, nor the baby. On May 12, 1932, a truck driver found the baby’s decomposed body in the woods a few miles from the Lindbergh estate. It was believed that the child had been dead since the night of the kidnapping; the baby’s skull was fractured. Police speculated that the kidnapper might have dropped the baby when he came down the ladder from the second floor. Kidnapper Captured For two years, the police and the FBI watched for serial numbers from the ransom money, providing the list of numbers to banks and stores. In September 1934, one of the gold certificates showed up at a gas station in New York. The gas attendant became suspicious since gold certificates had gone out of circulation the year before and the man purchasing gas had spent a $10 gold certificate to buy only 98 cents of gas. Worried that the gold certificate might be counterfeit, the gas attendant wrote down the license plate number of the car on the gold certificate and gave it to the police. When the police tracked down the car, they found that it belonged to Bruno Richard Hauptmann, an illegal German immigrant carpenter. Police ran a check on Hauptmann and found that Hauptmann had a criminal record in his hometown of Kamenz, Germany, where he had used a ladder to climb into the second-story window of a home to steal money and watches. Police searched Hauptmann’s home in the Bronx and found $14,000 of the Lindbergh ransom money hidden in his garage. Evidence Hauptmann was arrested on September 19, 1934, and tried for murder beginning on January 2, 1935. Evidence included the homemade ladder, which matched boards missing from Hauptmann’s attic floorboards; a writing sample that reportedly matched the writing on the ransom note; and a witness that claimed to have seen Hauptmann on the Lindbergh estate the day before the crime. Additionally, other witnesses claimed that Hauptmann gave them the ransomed bills at various businesses; Condon claimed to recognize Hauptmann as Cemetery John; and Lindbergh claimed to recognize Hauptmann’s German accent from the graveyard. Hauptmann took the stand, but his denials did not convince the court. On February 13, 1935, the jury convicted Hauptmann of first-degree murder. He was put to death by electric chair on April 3, 1936, for the murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr.

Building research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Building - Research Paper Example Some books of Latin America are as old as 1751 and some manuscripts and newspaper of the 18th century. In the central tower, the library can hold up to 180,000 volumes of books and in the underground around 600,000 volumes making their collection about 1 million volumes and other manuscripts that may also total in millions (Parks). The building consists of marble, granite, bronze and glasswork. Its structure was designed at 200’-0’’ and 350’-0’’ site plan. The building  has  total square footage of  88,347. The  buildings roof serves as a landmark for visitors and people on the campus of Yale. It is a six-story tower, which is enclosed by glass top, containing book stacks encircled by windowless shell held by four piers at the curve of the building. The outer walls are made of Lucida marble panel, which protects direct sunlight from coming in, yet promoted subdued light entrance. The marble walls are thinly sliced that makes sunlight enter the library softly making the view beautiful and unique (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). The dimensions have appropriate mathematical proportions, 1:2:3, which make the architectural design platonic. The building is commonly  known  as the â€Å"jewel box† because of its unique feature that there is a stark light emerging after sun is set. It is also known as the â€Å"laboratory of humanities.† The presence of Alexander Calder’s â€Å"Gallows and Lollipops† across the plaza serves as a delightful sight for the visitor (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). Visitors enter into the building using a revolving glass door, and there are two stairways to the mezzanine level that displays Beinecke’s collection. There is a public exhibition house, which displays 48 extant copies of Gutenberg Bible. There are two basement doors, first which goes down to the â€Å"Court† level, at the heart in front of Beinecke â€Å"The Garden"  that features sculptures of Isamu Noguchi (Pyramid Sun and Cube).

An extended definition of belief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An extended definition of belief - Essay Example An extended definition of belief can be derived from salvation, tolerance, and science phenomena depending on its use and application. Langston Hughes focuses the definition, use, and application of belief in salvation. Salvation is highly regarded as an individual choice. However, is it guided and informed by a supernatural force or being that in most cases is said to rescue the human race from their sins. Faith is a critical factor in salvation and religion in general. Believing in a supernatural being or force that one has not set eyes on provides the primary basis upon which salvation and religious practices are realized and undertaken. From one generation to another, the younger generations are introduced to religious matters by the older people. Basically, the beliefs of these people are passed from the old to the young, and the trend continues. Although there are myriad questions that underlie this practice, most of them end up unanswered over the years as salvation continues. Hughes presents a very personal encounter with salvation as a young boy. Hughes had an abstract idea of how salvation comes about, but when it happened to him at the Reed’s church, it was rather forced to him than an experience of what he actually expected (Hughes 225-226). In other words, salvation was not an actual experience of what the auntie or any other person had talked about. Belief in the salvation context is a group mind practice. Over the years, the congregation has adopted behaviors and routine of salvation. Praising, worshiping, mourning, weeping, praying, and celebrating a new child of God constitute the norm of salvation to the saved sinner. Although seeing the light and Jesus are essentially part of the salvation, they do not literally take place. This implies that once the sinner takes the stand for salvation, these things automatically happen, with or without necessarily seeing them. After all, the congregation and the sinners are introduced to what they

Privacy is not the most important right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Privacy is not the most important right - Essay Example Different nations, religions and communities have marked differences in the idea to the extent to which a person is authorized to keep his personal data and information private and what is the boundary limits for another person or body to interfere into the private life and data of the other person or body or organization. Some nations and religions believe that privacy is a fundamental right of the people and they must be free to practice privacy to any extent. It is also considered that it is the right of a person that no one other than the person concerned can interfere in the private data; in fact it is against the law and a serious crime to break into the private data of a person without his acknowledgement and permission (Starkey, 2012). But privacy is not the most important right of a person or an organization. It a fundamental right but not the most important right. Privacy is important in one’s life because without privacy it would become impossible for a person to live his own life; he would just become a puppet ruled by others. But other than right of privacy there are certain other rights that are ranked far more important and necessary for a person to live a peaceful and serene life. For a person to remain happy and spend a satisfied and contended life he must be given the freedom to speak out his voice, his ideas and views. He must be allowed to give suggestions regarding any issue; he must have the freedom to speak against or for an issue in public without the fear of getting any sort of harm. The person must be free from all sorts of fear if he speaks out the truth in front of the people or the leaders. It is the right of the people that the government assures the people that they will be listened a nd their ideas accepted if possible and they will not be provided with any sort of harm or difficulty regarding their views or opinions that have been presented by them. Without having the

Organisational change and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational change and development - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is organisational change management as the process necessary for an association to identify, to organise, to employ and to attain full benefit from the alterations taking place within or outside the organisational environment. The objectives of organisational change management is concerned with effective planning, execution, measurement and preservation of the initiatives of implementing change strategies as well as augmentation of the capacity required for managing changes. Organisational change can be observed when an organisation intends to streamline its available assets and enhance its capacity to generate value by augmenting effectiveness to a sustainable extent. Changes are considered as ubiquitous in nature that helps progressing as well as achieving experiences which escort to the acceleration of the overall organisational growth. In the current era of globalisation, the process of organisational changes is widely considered to be inevitabl e. In order to meet the technological as well as environmental challenges of the situations, the teams should be able to adopt changes in due course of time. The change management strategies of an organisation are often based on diverse approaches such as individualistic, socio-economic and structural aspects among others which help in the development of many theories and functions. Along with the advancement of technology as well as new practices, the organisational change management process continues to alter in order to cope with the enduring changes. There are various types of approaches such as traditional, socio-economic, socio-structural and socio-technical approaches among others which deal with organisational change management from differing perspectives. One of the mostly applied perspectives to organisational change management is observed to be the traditional approach that can be effectively described by the Kurt Lewin’s classical model (Friedman & Shcustack, 2008 ). Kurt Lewin’s classical theory is influential in organisational change management as it focuses mainly on the individual aspects and social psychology rather than observation and problem solving. Lewin proposed that populace respond to any imaginary situation or changes and intends to shape it accordingly. This includes mainly three phases such as unfreezing, moving and refreezing. Unfreezing is a type of challenge faced by every human beings in an organisation. This means that the individual employees are often examined to depict reluctance to change according to the changes occurring within the organisational environment or in its external business environment. However, the reluctant employees ultimately accept the change in order to sustain in the organisation. It involves creation of the preliminary motivation towards the change by communicating the existing problematic situation or scenario to the employees of the organisation. This facilitates to understand the varied viewpoints of the individuals as well as helps to progress people from the ‘frozen’ state to an ‘unfrozen or change’ state so that it can be adopted efficiently by all. Next is the moving or transition stage. It involves recognition of the need of change, that can be in terms of cultural change or structural change in order to ascertain new principles and rules. Refreezing refers to the fortification of the new adjustments in order to accomplish rehabilitated stability among the organisationa

Spotify E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Spotify E-Commerce - Essay Example On a day-to-day basis, the company utilizes technology in conducting their operations. Additionally, the management uses generic marketing strategy in products and services to consumers. In addition to using Apple airplay, Denon and Marantz, Logitech squeezebox, Onkyo Network-Capable Receivers and Sonos Digital Music Systems, the company employs a combination of marketing strategies in promoting their products to clients. According to Gilmour (2012), Spotify uses cost leadership, product differentiation and generic strategies in the market. As discussed in the report, innovations are vital to success at spotify. The discussion is highlighting the implications of technologies at Spotify, the types of technologies used by the company, and the information systems used in conducting operations at the company. The report’s aim was to analyze the strategies that Sportify uses in conducting its operations in the global market, thereafter make recommendations that will suit the intere st of the company. According to Sehgal (2010, p. 12), the report used online content in analyzing the stratagem that Sportify use in the market. The information was sourced from journals, books and sportify’s website. E-commerce Introduction Spotify TM is a Swedish company that offers a variety of entertainment services to consumers in different parts of the globe. The company has its head office in London but it still conducts some of its operations in Sweden. Additionally, the company offers services that include streaming of music and sharing of data via the internet (Eldring, 2009). Sportify TM works in conjunction with companies like Sony, universal records and EMI in ensuring that the company meets the growing demand in entertainment industry. Currently, the company serves more than twenty million customers on an annual basis. In 2010, records indicated that the company surpassed its initial target by supplying close to 10 million customers entertainment services. Profe ssionals in Stockholm came up with the idea of starting the company in 2006. Daniel, E. K spearheaded the process with the assistance of Martin Lorentzon. Thereafter, the two came up with software that offers clients registration to the site. Generally, Spotify TM has revolutionized the entertainment industry despite facing challenges in their operations. In 2009, hackers invaded the sites of the company and got away with sensitive information that belonged to clients. This contributed to major losses recorded in that year. However, the company was able to regain back its position with support from Founders funds. Besides, Spotify recruited Sean parker who reintroduced the winning strategies at the company. According to Porter (2008), the manager used a combination of marketing strategies and technologies in putting back the company to its positions. At present, Spotify is leading distributor of music in the world’s entertainment industry. Spotify TM Spotify is a cloud-based music-streaming process delivered via desktop and mobile phone. It was launched in October 2008 and offers subscribers access to a vast database of songs via the internet. In order to achieve this, Spotify TM uses many information systems, some of which are so unique to its operations. An individual could play Spotify music through their network devices, smart phones and mobile devices. Spotify also continue to innovate new features that enhances music listening from inside the house. It allows people to simplify their work and vitality as they develop an admirable in music catalogue. Additionally, Spotify availability is also found in UNIX, Microsoft spotify code windows and Macintosh. These sites contain

Contemporary and Critical Issues in Education Essay

Contemporary and Critical Issues in Education - Essay Example One of the main challenges faced by the current educational system is to build an existing strength in order to create an excellent educational experience along with the successful outcomes for learners of all ages. With this concern, leadership is required throughout the modern education system. It is worth mentioning that leadership for learning is considered as a process through which educational system can initiate changes in its cultural environment in order to increase the learning ability perceived by the learners. Leadership for learning is conducted with an aim to offer a wide range of opportunities to the learners which in turn assists them in order to gain highly beneficial experiences. In addition, leadership for learning enhances the career opportunities as well as develop confidence amid the learners’ by enhancing their talents and abilities (Education Scotland, 2007). Leadership for learning is provided with the assistance of staffs possessing variety of skills and core competencies. For instance, it can be conducted with the help of pre-school staffs in order to establish interests for learning amid the children connecting them with imaginative and purposeful play in their learning process. Similarly, it can be executed with the guidance of teachers who build the confidence of learners in order to attain the skills to become leaders in their personal learning process.

Organisational change and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational change and development - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is organisational change management as the process necessary for an association to identify, to organise, to employ and to attain full benefit from the alterations taking place within or outside the organisational environment. The objectives of organisational change management is concerned with effective planning, execution, measurement and preservation of the initiatives of implementing change strategies as well as augmentation of the capacity required for managing changes. Organisational change can be observed when an organisation intends to streamline its available assets and enhance its capacity to generate value by augmenting effectiveness to a sustainable extent. Changes are considered as ubiquitous in nature that helps progressing as well as achieving experiences which escort to the acceleration of the overall organisational growth. In the current era of globalisation, the process of organisational changes is widely considered to be inevitabl e. In order to meet the technological as well as environmental challenges of the situations, the teams should be able to adopt changes in due course of time. The change management strategies of an organisation are often based on diverse approaches such as individualistic, socio-economic and structural aspects among others which help in the development of many theories and functions. Along with the advancement of technology as well as new practices, the organisational change management process continues to alter in order to cope with the enduring changes. There are various types of approaches such as traditional, socio-economic, socio-structural and socio-technical approaches among others which deal with organisational change management from differing perspectives. One of the mostly applied perspectives to organisational change management is observed to be the traditional approach that can be effectively described by the Kurt Lewin’s classical model (Friedman & Shcustack, 2008 ). Kurt Lewin’s classical theory is influential in organisational change management as it focuses mainly on the individual aspects and social psychology rather than observation and problem solving. Lewin proposed that populace respond to any imaginary situation or changes and intends to shape it accordingly. This includes mainly three phases such as unfreezing, moving and refreezing. Unfreezing is a type of challenge faced by every human beings in an organisation. This means that the individual employees are often examined to depict reluctance to change according to the changes occurring within the organisational environment or in its external business environment. However, the reluctant employees ultimately accept the change in order to sustain in the organisation. It involves creation of the preliminary motivation towards the change by communicating the existing problematic situation or scenario to the employees of the organisation. This facilitates to understand the varied viewpoints of the individuals as well as helps to progress people from the ‘frozen’ state to an ‘unfrozen or change’ state so that it can be adopted efficiently by all. Next is the moving or transition stage. It involves recognition of the need of change, that can be in terms of cultural change or structural change in order to ascertain new principles and rules. Refreezing refers to the fortification of the new adjustments in order to accomplish rehabilitated stability among the organisationa

Contemporary and Critical Issues in Education Essay

Contemporary and Critical Issues in Education - Essay Example One of the main challenges faced by the current educational system is to build an existing strength in order to create an excellent educational experience along with the successful outcomes for learners of all ages. With this concern, leadership is required throughout the modern education system. It is worth mentioning that leadership for learning is considered as a process through which educational system can initiate changes in its cultural environment in order to increase the learning ability perceived by the learners. Leadership for learning is conducted with an aim to offer a wide range of opportunities to the learners which in turn assists them in order to gain highly beneficial experiences. In addition, leadership for learning enhances the career opportunities as well as develop confidence amid the learners’ by enhancing their talents and abilities (Education Scotland, 2007). Leadership for learning is provided with the assistance of staffs possessing variety of skills and core competencies. For instance, it can be conducted with the help of pre-school staffs in order to establish interests for learning amid the children connecting them with imaginative and purposeful play in their learning process. Similarly, it can be executed with the guidance of teachers who build the confidence of learners in order to attain the skills to become leaders in their personal learning process.

A review of black lives matter a modern social movement in America Essay Example for Free

A review of black lives matter a modern social movement in America Essay Abstract The prominence of the Black Lives Matter is a reform of social justice in America. There are many layers to the movement including and having to do with feminism, an ideological change, as well as a different psychology. It holds the future of social justice. It has been over a century since the formal end to American slavery, and decades since the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s, but social justice and an egalitarian society does not yet exist. But with the knowledge and teachings that can change that attitude, the movement will continue to grow and make the strides that are necessary to change the lives of the people who help make America. Black Lives Matter: Beyond a Movement â€Å"Black Lives Matter† is very well known and everyone has a ready association when hearing it. I have always found it most interesting that this movement has come with so much mockery. Mockery in the sense that for all the people that take it seriously and for the people whose daily lives are affected, there are just as many people if not more who come with the opposition. The opposition make other slogans (i.e. â€Å"All Lives Matter†, â€Å"Blue Lives Matter†, â€Å"White Lives Matter†, etc.) This makes a mockery of the issue (Yancy Butler, 2015). They are saying, your issue is not a real one, get over it. And also saying, maybe you should think about us first, and how you are affecting our lives. It is more than a movement at the end of the day, and this is because the more people do not take the issue seriously, the more Black lives are taken in horrible ways without a valid reason. Even then, a major problem of victim blaming occurs with every one of these cases and the â€Å"Blue Life† that matters are able to get off scot-free and continue their life. So clearly the blue life matters, but what about the Black life that was taken by that blue life (Maclin, 1991)? Why are some people given the right and privilege to decide who gets to live? Of course, everyone is aware of the answers to these hypothetical questions I present. The power of the hierarchy of society and race is deep-rooted inside all of us (Maclin, 1991). And it does not seem to change, it makes strives toward changes, but it does not change like it should. It is constantly the same story day after day, decade after decade, and at this point, century after century. The big question now, asks everyone wh at they are able to do for their country. The minority population and the African-American population create America and they are just as much of the country as any other ethnicity. â€Å"We completely expect those who benefit directly and improperly from white supremacy to try to erase our existence.† (Garza, 2014). I like the usage of the word, improperly, in this article. The author is addressing the movement from the perspective of a Black queer woman. The word fits perfectly into defining so much of society. It is improper, how the current social situation is so prominent today. Roughly 50 years ago was the Civil Rights Movement, that is in the lifetime of many people alive today and yet it does not concern so many that the same issues are here today. The distribution of power and right to life has been given to a select few. Not even given, but taken by a select few, who have and continue to refuse to give it up (Garza, 2014). The right to life, it essentially has been taken from the those who are not white males- the normal (Garza, 2014). And Black lives are given the least regard to their life. Black Lives Matter also serves as an ideology. It even perhaps serves better to be categorized as an ideology. It is an ideology that brought a uniformity to the anger and frustration with the obvious social injustices occurring (Thomas, 2004). Especially, after the tragic killing of Trayvon Martin and the verdict that allowed the killer, George Zimmerman to go back home. After the ruling, the anger and sparked outrage of the Black community, made people worry for Zimmerman. It made the white community worry for their own lives. This truly is irony at its finest (Yancy Butler, 2015). It is more than a misunderstanding of the point. It was disregarded, that this verdict justified the killing of completely innocent Black lives. But rather than worrying about the people who cannot walk down a street, without having to worry about being killed. And their families who have to deal with the death of a loved one and then watch as their killer went free. But then be told that it does not ma tter. And justify it with, ‘all lives matter’ (Yancy Butler, 2015). Through my research, I noticed there are typically two different types of papers written on this topic: either from a perspective looking at the whole or from the perspective of a Black woman. I find this very interesting, there are multiple struggles going on through this entire movement and ideological change. But there is the other issue of Black feminism that also needs addressing. I find it both compelling and significant that Black women both support the greater picture with their fellow man, but also separate themselves because they are different and need something else (Thomas, 2004). Black women are similar to Black men in some ways and similar to white women in some ways, but are different from both of them- they cannot completely identify with either one, in order to find further justice (Thomas, 2004). I have always considered myself a feminist, but unfortunately, not until more recently did I know that there are actually different types of feminism and feminists struggles. There is white feminism and there is also Black feminism and Hispanic feminism (which can be grouped together and separately as well). White women argue for some basic rights such as equal pay and respect to work outside of the home. Whereas minority women fight for even more basic rights than that, such as getting hired for a job (Thomas, 2004). They are not just asking for equal pay in a salary job, but for their job applications to not be thrown away for a minimum wage job because of their name. But just like in all feminism, it is important to give people who believe and support the feminist struggle, to separate themselves from the people who do not (Garza, 2014). This is because until there is true equality, the people who support it are different, and the difference raises attention. But, looking at the b igger picture, white feminism is the issue that is raising attention and not so much of the feminist struggle of minorities (Garza, 2014). The ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement creates a new foundation in psychology. Psychology is in part the study of behavior. But the psychology most people study, leave people out, large groups of people are left out (Thomas, 2004). One of these groups is the Black community and even further is Black women (Thomas, 2004). The issues are established, many people are ignorant of it or they chose to ignore it, but knowledge serves as a powerful tool. Social justice starts from the ground up. The racial institution that America exemplifies all so much prevents Black Americans from accomplishing the ‘American dream’. The Black community is stereotypically living in poverty, living in ‘ghettos’, and cannot get jobs. They are blamed for their own issues, as they deserve what they are getting out of life (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). But rather than realizing that it is the racism of America that is keeping any minority and especially the Black community from going anywhere (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). Many Black Americans have made great accomplishments, but not only are they ignored and not taught about, but are made to seem as exceptions. Successful Black people are not like the normal Black person, they lucked out or they were given some special situation that allowed them to accompli sh anything. There is a deep-rooted problem even with the Black community, that is given from within. They are told they are hated by society and therefore they should see problems with themselves, too (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). No one who is not living outside of the white standard should be proud of themselves, in fact, they need to take it one step farther and be ashamed of themselves. Not only ashamed of their own appearance but be afraid to accomplish anything (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). Everyone is held up against the white standard, not only in physical beauty but also with development and academic development and progress. If a Black person is more successful than a white person in academics, then there must be some sort of mistake. There has to be another reason for this, perhaps something is wrong with the Black student. This is just one of the many ways social injustice is justified with society. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy with Black children (and even throughout their lives) . They are told they are problems within the classroom and if they accomplish more than a white student, it is not because they are smart. It is probably because they are too hyper or they are not listening to directions. When a person is told they are not good enough, then they will not be good enough (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). A person is just as good as other people tell them they are because they take on the role they are told that they have. Black Lives Matter is a â€Å"mode of address† (Yancy Butler, 2015). It is against society telling that an entire group of people that every other life is above yours. So as long as anyone who is not Black is dying, then Black lives and the unjust loss of can be addressed later (or in other words, never) (Yancy Butler, 2015). Black men and women, even boys and girls, are seen and portrayed by society and police as scary, dangerous, aggressive, and violent. Constantly, the testimonies of these murder cases will reveal the cop’s description of the victim as forceful or aggressive (Yancy Butler, 2015). When watching the videos, it is clear this just is not true. But also there is an issue of the cop’s word and racist mindsets, makes people see the video through a lens. It is quite evident that it does not matter how a Black person presents themselves because they are never good enough. The stress, discouragement, outrage, depression, etc., etc. resulting from rac ism and hate acts, is detrimental to the health of the Black community (Garcà ­a Sharif, 2015). The growing importance of social media is resulting in a large part of ‘Black Lives Matter’. Not only education but the usage of social media, I think, will only continue to help the movement toward social justice. What is so amazing about social media is that it is accessible to people all across the country and even the world, within seconds. It does not take more than a few minutes for the entire world to see the video of a horrible killing of another Black life. Or the ruling in yet another unjustified ruling letting goes another cop who killed an unarmed Black man or woman. The videos are hard to watch. And making it even better, once they are on the internet they do not ever really go away. What is so important in a movement, ideology, psychology such as Black lives matter is that the people who have died do not go forgotten. It is crucial that their names are known, giving them a life. Once they are identified and their story is told under ‘young black manâ €™, etc., their story goes with all the other people who are said to not matter. We must be able to see the totally egalitarian society, we must be able to see the possibility of in order for it to ever have a true chance. This movement starts, to say this is done, and we need this- NOW. And we have to listen and respond and see the future as such to move forward successfully. References Garza, A., Tometi, O., Cullors, P. (2014). A herstory of the# BlackLivesMatter movement. Jee-Lyn Garcà ­a, J., Sharif, M. Z. (2015). Black lives matter: a commentary on racism and public health. American journal of public health, 105(8), e27-e30. Maclin, T. (1991). Black and Blue Encounters-Some Preliminary Thoughts About Fourth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amendment Seizures: Should Race Matter. Val. UL Rev., 26, 243. Thomas, V. G. (2004). The psychology of Black women: Studying women’s lives in context.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Black Psychology, 30(3), 286-306. Yancy, G., Butler, J. (2015). What’s wrong with ‘all lives matter’?. New York Times, 12, 156.

History of Communicative Language Teaching

History of Communicative Language Teaching Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is a method of teaching second and foreign language. This method highlights interaction as both the technique and objective for learning a language. In addition, it is known as the communicative approach to teaching foreign language or simply put, the communicative approach. CLT was said to have originated from Britian during the 1960s. I served as a replacement to the popular method known as Situational language teaching which is based on the structural view of language. Linguist Noam Chomasky criticized the structural linguistics because it was not enough to cover syntax since there would be infinity of sentences that could be said. What Chomasky proposed that a set of parameters must be created that would be able to generate all the possible sentences in a language. This criticism of Chomasky gave rise to a couple more proposals in language teaching and the communicative approach is the one that has prevailed. Likewise, communicative language teaching also came as a response to the prominent method of learning a language, the Audio-lingual Method, and as an application of the notion function syllabus. Audio-lingual demanded itself as peoples need to learn foreign language skills during and after War II. It is closely connected with behaviourism, thus making drilling, repletion and habit formation its central elements of instruction. The notion function syllabus is a way by which a language learning curriculum can be organized. Here, the instructions are assigned, unlike Audio-lingual, but in terms of notions and functions where a notion is a specific environment where people communicate and a function is a unique objective for a speaker in a given environment. There are certain practices under the communicative approach. For one, the communicative approach has it that, meaning is paramount. Language learning aims to achieve communication. Effective communication is sought. Drilling may occur and pronunciation is focused on. Any tool which helps the students learn is recommended. Communicating in the target language is encouraged from early years. Whereas translating text may be used at a very lower level. Likewise reading and writing may be started early as well. The L2 linguistic feature is learned through engaging in communication. Communicative competence is considered the main aim. Language is created by individual often through trail and error. Fluency and acceptable language is the main goal: accuracy is examined in context. Students are expected to interact with other people such as through pair and group work. The teacher may not determine the language the students use. The communicative approach gives a great support for students to use the target language in various contexts and functions. Its primary focus is on creating meaning rather than developing perfectly grammatical structures or acquiring native sounding pronunciation. This means that the success of learning a foreign language can be evaluated in terms of how one has developed his or her communicative competence, which can be defined as the ability to apply formal knowledge as well as the sociolinguistic aspects of a language on ones proficiency to communicate. Communicative approach has been characterized as extensive teaching method and not just one with clearly defined sets of classroom practi ces. Because of this, it is usually identified as a list of general futures. One of them is David Nunans (1991) five features of communicative learning teaching. They are: 1) learning to communicate by interaction in the L2; 2) presenting of authentic texts into the learning situation; 3) giving opportunities for people to concentrate on both language and the learning management procedures; 4) enhancement of learners own personal experience as important contributing elements to classroom learning and 5) linking language learning inside classroom with language learning activities outside. Nunans list has been claimed by many advocates of the communicative approach particularly by those who are very concerned in language learning inside and outside the classroom. This board definition makes it such that any teaching practice that aims to help students develop their communicative competence in practical and usable contexts is considered as a form of instruction. A communicative approac h environment would often have pairs/group work where participants are required to discuss and work together. It is known for fluency based activities that encourage the development of confidence, role plays where they can practice and develop language functions and the sensible use of grammar and pronunciation focused activities. The communicative competence as Hymes (1972) devised it, made some important shifts in ESL teaching regarding teaching materials design and teaching methodology. Communicative competence presented in the 1970s and eventually applied these changes in ESL teaching field. Chomsky (1965) presented the terms competence and performance in modern linguistics (Canale and Swain, 1980). Chomsky claimed the term competence refers to the linguistic system, whereas performance basically involved in the perception and production of speech. Hymes (1972) claimed that the competence-performance description devised by Chomsky did not deal with the appropriateness of the socio-cultural significance of an utterance in the situational and verbal context where it is applied. According to Hymes, there are rules that should be understood along with knowledge of grammar rules. Hymes (1972) refers that without these rules, the knowledge of grammatical rules would not be effective in the language spoken. Therefore, Hymes suggests a conception of competence.

Motivating Sales Engineers in the Industrial Business Essay -- Busines

Introduction Salespeople are often internally driven and self-motivated (Srivastava and Rangarajan, 2008), and are increasingly becoming consultants who sell value-added services (Smith and Rupp, 2003). Nowadays more industrial companies employ sales engineers (SE) and therefore they represent an emerging class of knowledge workers on sales (Darr, 2002). I will first describe my experience in Festo, before briefly addressing some theories about motivation, related to it. Was there a mismatch between theory and business as I knew it? If so, I will try to identify it, and to explain why Festo's incentives failed with me. Finally, I will suggest how Festo should have motivated its SE, based on the theory previously discussed. What is a SE? I have mainly worked as a salesperson, although having studied engineering. Then, let me ask: what is a SE? A salesperson with a strong technical knowledge on the field he/she is selling. Furthermore, a SE could be defined as a technical-consultant salesperson or a knowledge worker (Darr, 2002). These ideas somehow extend Lidstone's definition of a technical salesperson: someone who sells industrial products, equipment or highly engineered components; put a major emphasis in his/her know-how, are often worried with technical details, and tends to forget his/her job is to sell (1995). SE at Festo Festo Argentina had around 20 SE (2007) nationwide (from a workforce of 120), half of them farther away than 400 miles from main office. Every SE had a different emotional background (psychological characteristics), engineering field (industrial, electronic, mechanical), and socioeconomic situation (some married, others young and single; well-off, working class, etc.). We were distributed geograp... .../2010]. Pritchard, R. and Ashwood, E. (2008). Managing motivation: a manager’s guide to diagnosing and improving motivation. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Smith, A. and Rupp, W. (2003). An examination of emerging strategy and sales performance: motivation, chaotic change and organizational structure. Marketing & Intelligence Planning, 21/3, pp.156-167. Smyth and Murphy (1969). Compensating and motivating salesmen. New York: American Management Association. Srivastava, R. and Rangarajan, D. (2008). Understanding the salespeople’s â€Å"feedback-satisfaction† linkage: what role does job perceptions play?. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23/3, pp. 151–160. Steers, R. and Porter, L. (1987). Motivation and work behaviour, 4th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. Stewart, G. (1994). Successful Sales Management, 3rd edition. London: Pitman Publishing. Motivating Sales Engineers in the Industrial Business Essay -- Busines Introduction Salespeople are often internally driven and self-motivated (Srivastava and Rangarajan, 2008), and are increasingly becoming consultants who sell value-added services (Smith and Rupp, 2003). Nowadays more industrial companies employ sales engineers (SE) and therefore they represent an emerging class of knowledge workers on sales (Darr, 2002). I will first describe my experience in Festo, before briefly addressing some theories about motivation, related to it. Was there a mismatch between theory and business as I knew it? If so, I will try to identify it, and to explain why Festo's incentives failed with me. Finally, I will suggest how Festo should have motivated its SE, based on the theory previously discussed. What is a SE? I have mainly worked as a salesperson, although having studied engineering. Then, let me ask: what is a SE? A salesperson with a strong technical knowledge on the field he/she is selling. Furthermore, a SE could be defined as a technical-consultant salesperson or a knowledge worker (Darr, 2002). These ideas somehow extend Lidstone's definition of a technical salesperson: someone who sells industrial products, equipment or highly engineered components; put a major emphasis in his/her know-how, are often worried with technical details, and tends to forget his/her job is to sell (1995). SE at Festo Festo Argentina had around 20 SE (2007) nationwide (from a workforce of 120), half of them farther away than 400 miles from main office. Every SE had a different emotional background (psychological characteristics), engineering field (industrial, electronic, mechanical), and socioeconomic situation (some married, others young and single; well-off, working class, etc.). We were distributed geograp... .../2010]. Pritchard, R. and Ashwood, E. (2008). Managing motivation: a manager’s guide to diagnosing and improving motivation. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Smith, A. and Rupp, W. (2003). An examination of emerging strategy and sales performance: motivation, chaotic change and organizational structure. Marketing & Intelligence Planning, 21/3, pp.156-167. Smyth and Murphy (1969). Compensating and motivating salesmen. New York: American Management Association. Srivastava, R. and Rangarajan, D. (2008). Understanding the salespeople’s â€Å"feedback-satisfaction† linkage: what role does job perceptions play?. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 23/3, pp. 151–160. Steers, R. and Porter, L. (1987). Motivation and work behaviour, 4th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. Stewart, G. (1994). Successful Sales Management, 3rd edition. London: Pitman Publishing.

Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne uses diction and symbolism to show the negative effects of stifling conformity verses the positive empowerment found in embarrassing one's own truth. He tries to impress upon his readers that an outsider, whether from another physical location, or simply someone who thinks and acts outside that society's definition of acceptable behavior can in fact facilitate positive change within that society. The secret in this novel most likely represents an idea, privacy, or even social censure. The Mary-like character Hester Prynne represents feminism, as the female-heroine, and truth, as she is unwavering in her stand against the wishes of the state, church, family and community with regard to her own truth. As represented by The Scarlet Letter, "Do you not think it is better for your little ones temporal and eternal welfare that she be taken out of your charge and clad soberly and disciplined strictly and instructed in the truths of heaven and earth? What can you do for the child? I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this, laying her finger on the red token. Woman it is thy badge of shame. Nevertheless, this badge taught me...it teaches me daily lessons by reasons of which my child may be better and wiser." Prynne is aware of how her truth can set her free. Later in the novel it states "...people brought all their sorrows and perplexities, and besought her counsel." This shows how Prynne's stand for the truth has eventually affected the entire community in a very positive manner, changing its perspective on social norms. Yet the character Dimmesdale, the co-adulterer, was said to be liken with "unutterable torment." Hawthorne was showing that Dimmesdale's silence about the truth and his love was worse than any judgment that would have been bestowed on him by his community or maker. Later Prynee offers to save Dimmesdale from his jail (guilt) and jailer (Chillingworth, the devil-like character). He refuses and eventually dies of shame and guilt at the end of this romantic tale of the love between two people. Pearl, the bastard-daughter character, represents the world of nature (truth), a nature-friendly pre-Christian time in mankind's history and the struggle between the town (societal taboos) and the simpler way of forest (respect for the truth).

Bronze Age Mesopotamia Leadership

The Epic of Gilgamesh Bronze Age Mesopotamia had a distinct culture and tradition; their rich cultural heritage was passed down by some incredible fictitious and non-fictitious writings like the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’. There are many inferences that can be made about Bronze Age Mesopotamia by reading the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’. It’s clear from this document that the dichotomy between a tyrannical and a just leader existed in the society where the leaders were expected to be courageous, bold and adventurous.The importance of the role of religion on leadership cannot be overlooked and religion seemed to mingle with and govern the lives of the leaders. One of the most powerful deductions that can be made about Bronze Age Mesopotamia is the constant struggle between a tyrannical ruler and a just ruler. In fact one can go as far as claiming that the entire document highlights the need for a leader who rules well over his people. In the end of the tale we see Gil gamesh, a tyrannical barbaric ruler, repent by pledging to become someone who loves the people he rules (Kovacs).This shows that perhaps corrupt tyrants who thrived at the expense of the common people marred the Bronze Age Mesopotamia. Similarly another key deduction on leadership is the apparent divine mandate to rule. The Persian Empire is known to have solidified the ‘divine mandate to rule’ and it seems that the Bronze Age Mesopotamia wasn’t too far off from the same notion. In the story we see Gilgamesh as a ‘hero’ mandated by the Gods to rule and after he displeases the Gods we see the birth of another ‘hero’ once again mandated by Gods to challenge Gilgamesh (Kovacs).This intricate relationship between heroes and Gods is something that seems to be a key feature of leadership as no ordinary person could simply become a leader. The Bronze Age Mesopotamian society had somewhat unique expectation from their leaders. The most important expectation dealt with courage and strength, which is to clear from the numerous incidents during the ‘Woe unto Gilgamesh who slandered me and killed the Bull of Heaven! † We see Enikdu and Gilgamesh fight off ‘the bull of heaven’ as well as fight each other with courage, passion and determination. A leader who did not ave the courage to fight and the strength to win was considered no leader at all during the Bronze Age Mesopotamia (Kovacs). Similarly, the leaders were also expected to have a sense of adventure to test out their courage. During the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’ we see Gilgamesh and Enikdu travel to the dark cedar forest to fight the great monster called Humbaba. There seemed to be no reason for both these leaders to fight this monster but in order to prove their worth and win over the love of their people they had to embark upon this journey and prove their courage as seen in this quote, â€Å"I am Gilgamesh, I killed the Guardian!I des troyed Humbaba who lived in the Cedar Forest†¦ I slew lions in the mountain passes! † (Kovacs) . During the course of the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’ we also find out about interesting and intricate relationship between Gods and leadership. The Bronze Age Mesopotamian notion of God was very different from our modern notion and God’s often had physical form and interacted with men and other beings. Its clear from the tale that Gods were deeply concerned about who rules and it what manner. As seen in tablet VI, after Gilgamesh rejected Ishtar’s proposal to her father, â€Å"the god of creation, brings about a curse upon the city of Uruk (Kovacs).Even though the Gods do not have complete control over how the leaders behave they seem to be the ones who ultimately decide their fate as is evident from the death Enkidu. The Gods also seem to decide the creation of leaders and their qualities. The leaders can be seen as ‘appointed officials’ and w henever a leader is doing what the Gods would have him do the God’s can create a new one to bring about balance and harmony. To conclude, the ‘Epic of Gilgamesh’, one of the few surviving works of the ancient literature, provides with wonderful insights into the hidden world of leadership in the Bronze Age Mesopotamia.From this tale we find out that the Mesopotamian society had experienced tyrannical rule but at the same time people seemed to have realized a way forward where rulers needed to be just. We also find out that Bronze Age Mesopotamian culture recognized courage, passion and a sense of adventure as important virtues in their leaders. Similarly a lot can be said about the close connection between leaders, Gods and the ultimate power of the Gods over the leaders. Works Cited Kovacs, Maureen. The Epic of Gilgamesh. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Sep 2012. .

Ethical and Legal System Essay

For many years healthcare industries all over the world are known for operating under various legal regime systems, which often threaten hospitals, health plans as well as physicians with very severe and stiff sanctions for any violations they perform on the standards that are set for the healthcare industries. In this case, legal systems in the healthcare industries have managed to eliminate waste in uncontrollable healthcare industry systems. The legal systems have also managed to maintain the high standards offered in many healthcare industries today and not allowing them to ever go down as well as impending the reliance that healthcare, industries may make on private contracts which they do so in order to escape the tyranny caused as a result of inefficient standards (Feldman, 2000). Health providers on the other hand possess broad powers collectively or individually under industry connections that are mostly supported by the legal systems in the healthcare industry. These powers held by health care providers assist them to declare without cost constraints the types of services that patients should receive at the expense of the society. Under the legal system in the healthcare industry, certain situations especially those that involve the well being and physical health in relation to the quality of life-saving diagnosis as well as their availability are the most common compelling subjects that majority of juries and judges usually face. In the American economic activity, the annual representation of healthcare is approximately $ 2 trillion. The expenses cover innovations under diagnosis in surgery, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. There is also heavy government involvement in the health care industry. Moreover, a number of difficult issues that include expenditure, individual rights and equity often result in the attraction of attention from the public and frequent debates and this is mainly because this industry constitutes such a rapidly part of the American economy (Feldman, 2000). This paper will focus on Premier Inc. an organization in the healthcare industry, discussing its ethical and legal systems as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these systems available at Premier Inc. Premier Inc. is one of the strategic healthcare alliance organizations in United States today. It is owned by at least 200 leading healthcare systems and hospitals in America and its operations are mainly affiliated with almost 1,500 hospitals as well as other healthcare sites. In addition, Premier Inc. rovides resources that assist in the delivery of healthcare services in areas such as comparative data, insurance, group purchasing, benchmarking as well as supply chain improvement. Its main goal is to improve the communities’ health and brings forth nationwide knowledge with the aim of improving local healthcare (Voien, 2000). This is done through gathering financial and clinical data from its organizing committees as well as over hospitals that are its members in order to assist in decisions for sponsoring seminars, conferences and alliance with the main purpose of sharing the available practices that are good and effective. As a result, Premier Inc. is able to bring together any chaotic, inefficient and fragmented health care system hence enabling the provision of high-quality services in healthcare industry at the least costs. Facts are also applied by Premier in order to bring about best products and practices which result in patient outcomes that are of high quality. The organization shows its commitment in improving its operational and clinical performance by offering assistance to its members and providing performance informatics, supply chain service, insurance programs, resources that relate to performance improvement as well as group purchasing programs. The organization’s headquarters is located in San Diego with its offices in Washington, D. C. Chicago and Charlotte Premier Inc. is also dedicated to fulfilling three of its six indicators and one of the best indicators in its sample is the Code of Conduct in the company, which is thorough as well as easy to follow (Voien, 2000). Among the issues that the code highlights include the guidelines in the conflict of interest in the company, through this code, employees are often shown on how to contact the manager of the Ethics Compliance. In addition, people who call the manager are confident since, their phone numbers are not displayed as the organization has a potential phone violations code. The organization is also committed in providing the best workplaces in United States and this is mostly done by the company’s efforts in creating an organizational culture which aims at rewarding employees, behavior that is value-based, training which is essential in assisting employees to attain their maximum full potential, rewarding assignments as well as feedback. Employees at Premier are also treated with respect and this is mostly done by respecting their privacy, respecting the employees’ confidentiality records and also aiming to aid the aspirations of their employees especially those that are related to their work. (Voien, 2000). Employees at Premier are also urgently informed on any issues that affect them and listening to their concerns and ideas that they recommend. The organization also shows its commitment in promoting and protecting the safety and health of all of its employees and it forbids any use of illegal drugs by its employees. A dismissal is issued to anyone found possessing, using or even selling illegal drugs anywhere within the company’s property. Premier Inc. of the United States has several responsibilities that it aims to provide to its employees as well as patients in America. The organization aims to effectively make use of the available resources of the organization in order to support all of its members. In cases whereby there is emergence of conflicts in the organization, Premier has its responsibility focused on the avoidance of any conflicts of interest. The organization also aims at conducting its business with a lot of integrity, seeking guidance in situations whereby the organization is unsure of how to go about an impending problem and lastly the organization also has the responsibility of reporting any business practices that are unacceptable in the organization. For instance, premier has been aiming to implement the organization’s new code of conduct of Group purchasing since early 2002 (Voien, 2000). In addition, Premier organization has a number of ethical standards that help in its everyday operations. Among its ethical standards include the integrity of the enterprise and all individuals at Premier. Another ethical standard refers to the creation of real value that concerns the stakeholders as well as heading the place and a bias for any action and performance passion and also innovations at Premier. This means that the company aims at seeking a number of breakthrough opportunities, initiating any change which is meaningful as well as taking risks. Lastly, focusing people through respecting and showing concerns for all its employees, establishment of relationships with the entire community by building collaboration and this also applies to Premier’s business associates, workers and customers is also an ethical standard at Premier (Voien, 2000). In its ethics policy, Premier urges all its employees to exercise faith that is good in nature while undertaking all their responsibilities including various duties. They should also administer all of the company’s affairs economically and honestly as well as carrying out best care, judgment and skill so as to benefit the company. In addition, Premier Company forbids any activities that employees may be carrying out with the aim of gaining their personal advantage either in the way that they use their positions in the organization or also the knowledge that they gain while still at the organization and this also applies to financial gains. The organization also urges all its employees to carry out their duties as well as acts and these should adhere to the best interest of the company. In order to ensure that the company is committed in establishing best business practices that are ethical, Premier has set out to communicate to stakeholders and also providing important information which is useful to them especially in understanding the organization’s commitment in providing high standards of conduct. Moreover, Premier assists all of its employees by giving them additional guidance that will help them in decision making which is ethical. In 2002, Premier instituted an Ethics And compliance program whose main objective was to demonstrate the company’s strong commitment in providing high standards as relate conduct in the organization and this is mainly done in order to preserve the reputation that the company holds as well as enhancing the quality of the service delivery in the health care system that is offered to the community (Feldman, 2000). This program is a product of all the employees in the company who often work in order to put into practice the company’s principles. There other are other units at Premier that work hard to ensure that the high standards that relate to the company’s conduct are well infused in many business activities that take place at Premier. They include Human resources, Advocacy, Legal, Corporate communications as well as ethics and compliance units among others. The central support for the program is provided by the ethics and compliance office that often with employees, suppliers, owner members as well as the senior management at Premier in order to ensure that premier’s business practices are able to constantly meet all those standards that are set in the existing Group Purchasing Code of conduct at Premier as well as the Guidelines of the Business Conduct hence establishing the company’s commitment to the ethical conducts that are set. Lastly, the Board of Directors at Premier in 2006 altered the code relating to the company’s Group Purchasing Conduct which aimed at clarifying the provisions in the conflicts of interests in a better way especially in regarding established relationship among vendors and businesses. The legal system at premier is mainly seen at the premiers Legal Department which monitors and ensures that everyone at the premier acts according to the stated established federal laws (Feldman, 2000). These systems at Premier have had quite a number of positive implications to the organization. One advantage is that it has been able to establish integrity and trust among the employees because of the organization’s commitments to its employees and as a result it has out –performed many organizations in the healthcare industry in the United States as well as establishing a good reputation for the company. The legal systems have had a positive a positive impact on employees especially in relation to the codes of ethics o0f the organization. Doctors, Physicians and Nurses have maintained high standards in the way that they offer services to patients by offering quality and best practices as a result of the improved delivery systems in the healthcare services. Another advantage is that members have been able to get the right products and at the right prices hence enhancing the outcomes of patients who utilize the resources available at Premier. However, these systems also pose a major weakness to those who are directly or indirectly linked into it. The main weakness is that the policies lead to the creation of a monopoly whereby it is the organization that decides on the price and value that it can offer to its consumers and this directly affects the other organizations under the health care industry that are kept out of competition. It is therefore essential that the organization strives to openly communicate with all stakeholders, as well as meeting all requests that are reasonable so as to gather the required information. In conclusion, it is also essential to remember that an organization’s ethical conduct is as a result of collective conducts as relates its officers, board of directors and employees as well as enhancing open communications with these groups. As a result, this leads to a transformation in the healthcare delivery system of an organization.