Inundation Distribution Of The Study Area - 1542 Words

3. Methods Since the study area is surrounded by two major rivers the vast plains and fans are suspected to contain some level water logging. For this study the inundation distribution of the study area is taken from PNG Resource Information System (PNGRIS, 2008). The data is in polygon shape file format and coded with classes of inundation types from ‘tidal flooding, permanent flooding to the least as ‘no flooding’. For this study ‘no flooding’ level is excluded. According to PNG forestry logging practices, swamp forest are not to be logged. Swampy forests must be avoided as much as possible during logging operations. However, for this study it used to for the post-classification process purposely for refining classified swamp forest†¦show more content†¦The target class was forest class. In level 2 eight (8) classes were used (Table 1) based on the PNG forest base map of 2012 and forest inventory mapping system (FIMS) classification (McAlpine and Quigl ey, 1998). Level 2 is the lowest classification level achieved through the post-classification process. Additional classes are applied to describe the selectively harvested areas which are identified when conducting the supervised classification of the preceding years (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015). Above-ground biomass sites will be treated as secondary training sets to transformed LULC maps to AGB maps for carbon change assessment as one option. The other option is to be used after the LULC goes through change detection process (spatially). Supervised classification method was applied to Vailala Block 3 Landsat AGP images from 1995 to 2015. This method allows the user to identify training areas that are used to teach the image on what pixel range to be classified according to user LULC descriptions (Samanta et al., 2011). For this study the parametric method know as maximum likelihood under the decision rule statistical approach was used to run all the supervised classification from 1995 and 2015. Table 1. Land use and land cover types with codes Post-classification or reassessment of a classed image is performed to refine the classified image. YearShow MoreRelatedThe Sea Level Of Bangladesh1548 Words   |  7 Pagesimmensely negative (Cazenave and Nicholls 2010).For example, based on national studies, a 1 m rise could cause losses of about 9.5 million tons of rice in Bangladesh (Mimura and Nicholls 2008). Rice is the staple crop of half of world’s population and it is the most major staple sustenance for Bangladesh. Sea level Rise will result in a food crisis in some regions of Bangladesh especially southern sub-regions as these areas are most vulnerable to flooding due to sea level rise; hence, rice productionRead MoreTsunamis: How Oregon Can Better Prepare for Cascadia Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pages Tsunami hazard assessment in Oregon started with an inundation simulation in the Siletz Bay. Various parameters were tested with different inundation estimates and run-up from past tsunami deposits (Priest, 2001, 55 ). Inundation maps were then created furthermore in the Oregon Building Code, Oregon limited construction of new important or hazardous buildings in tsunami inundation zones indicated by the inundation maps. Zones that these maps are based on use the Cascadia event in 1700 as a â€Å"mostRead MoreGlobal Warming : Climate Change1592 Words   |  7 Pageset al., studies indicate that global temperature increased 0.70 to 0.75ââ€" ¦C during 1910 to 2009 [6]. Though forecasts vary widely, IPCC third assessment report (IPCC TAR) demonstrates that the best estimate for average temperature changes of the earth is 0.6 to 4 ââ€" ¦ C at the end of 21 century [3]. Global warming has wide-ranging effects on many aspects of human life and brought severe environmental problems, for instance, sea level rising and coastal flooding, changing rainfall distribution, alterationRead MoreEssay about GIS Analysis in Flood Assessment and Modeling2648 Words   |  11 Pageskey factor to prevent the loss of lives (Graham, 1999). Therefore, adequate prediction capability is essential to mitigate flooding damages and establish flood-warning systems. Floods have a complex spatial and temporal dynamic that motivates their study. The spatial dimension of floods ranges from the local to the regional scale, while the temporal dimension varies from slow floods (days) to flash floods (minutes). The spatial extent, variability and magnitude of floods has been addressed using GeographicRead MoreGlobal Warming Has A Effect On The Size Of The Vector Population912 Words   |  4 Pagesresulted in high rates of illness and death.12 Studies have shown that global warming has changed the distribution, intensity of transmission and seasonality of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.10 Correlation between inter-annual variability in temperature and malaria transmission has been observed in Africa.10 In Kenya and Ethiopia, rainfall and high maximum temperature greater than 34 °C has been associated with increasing incidence of malaria.10 However, studies show no association between global warmingRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Climate Change on Mari time Zones2018 Words   |  9 PagesDeveloped countries remain most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. For countries like the Marshall Island, with atoll islands situated just a few meters high from sea level, any uncontrolled sea-level rise has the potential to submerge land areas. Furthermore, climate change impacts could include increased tropical cyclone activities and coastal erosion. Coral bleaching and ocean acidification due to warming also have the potential to affect tourism, fisheries and agriculture, and the abilityRead MoreDevelopment Of Off Shore Wave Generator Systems And Integrating Into Disaster Management Systems Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pageswhich can give a few hours to days warning to help mitigate the severity of natural disasters on human life. . Some of the calamities of note have been the Tsunami of 2004, Bangladesh and Orissa floods, earthquakes in Nepal and Pakistan, and recent inundation of Chennai due to weather and bad flood management. A SAARC comprehensive Framework on disaster management was formulated in alignment with the Hyogo Framework (2005-2015). In addition to the broad objectives of disaster management and cooperationRead MoreMorphology of Rural Settlements in Malda4547 Words   |  19 PagesKey Words: Village, Morphological structure, Geographical landscapes, landuse, The Malda district. Introduction: Settlement morphology is primarily concerned with the lay-out, plan and internal structure of the settlements. It not only views settled area in terms of physical space but identifies its various components in respect of socio-economic space which has its direct bearing in controlling the arrangement of buildings, patterns of streets and fields and functional characteristics of settlementsRead MoreStreams Tech Inc Case Study2102 Words   |  9 PagesClient: Strategy and Planning Unit, State House, the Republic of Sierra Leone Type: Flood Management Streams Tech conducted a detailed study to develop the Stormwater Drainage Master Plan for Freetown, Sierra Leone. The lack of flood management measures and adequate conveyance capacity of the existing drainage system regularly caused flooding in the heavily urbanized areas. Streams Tech personnel installed hydro-meteorological equipment to collect data; processed an extensive array of satellite-basedRead MoreEssay on Use of Geographic Data in Natural Disasters2437 Words   |  10 Pagesothers to provide a quick response to the disaster areas (Herold et al., 2005). Kunkel et al. (1999) suggest that there is strong scientific evidence of an increase in extreme precipitation events in particular regions, whilst water shortages are becoming more apparent in other regions, which indicates that weather driven natural disasters will surely become more frequent, resulting in the use of Geographic Data in mapping and monitoring disaster areas could not be more important or significant.